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Title
Biblia Latina. Leaf 308
Creator
[Gutenberg, Johann, 1397-1468 approximate, Schoeffer, Peter, 1425-1502 approximate]
Summary
Consists of an illuminated leaf printed on both sides, from the original edition of the 42-line Gutenberg Bible printed in Mainz, ca. 1454-1455. Comprises v. 1, leaf [308], containing Psalm 70, verses 19-24, Psalms 71-72, and Psalm 73, verses 1-23. Rubricated: Psalm 71 begins with a 2-line manuscript initial in red. Psalm 72 begins with a 2-line manuscipt initial in blue. Psalm 73 begins with a 2-line manuscript initial in red. Each Psalm begins with its first line in red and a Roman numeral (chapter no.) in red and blue; verses unnumbered. Each sentence begins with a capital letter, alternating in red or blue. Letters of running title alternate in red and blue. The original leaf is mounted on p. [11] of the bound accompanying material. The Gutenberg Bible leaf is from an imperfect copy which was broken up and distributed by Gabriel Wells. With each fragment is bound a bibliographical essay by A. Edward Newton (in English), with imprint: New York: Gabriel Wells, 1921.
Title
Biblia Latina. Leaf 412
Creator
[Gutenberg, Johann, 1397-1468 approximate, Schoeffer, Peter, 1425-1502 approximate]
Summary
Consists of an illuminated leaf printed on both sides, from the original edition of the 42-line Gutenberg Bible printed in Mainz, ca. 1454-1455. Comprises v. 2, leaf [412], containing Jeremiah chapter 19, verses 4-15, chapter 20, and chapter 21. Rubricated: chapter 20 begins with a 2-line manuscript initial in blue. Chapter 21 begins with a 2-line manuscipt initial in red. Each chapter begins with a Roman numeral (chapter no.) in red and blue; verses unnumbered. Each sentence begins with a capital letter, highlighted in red. Letters of running title alternate in red and blue. The original leaf is mounted on p. [11] of the bound accompanying material. The Gutenberg Bible leaf is from an imperfect copy which was broken up and distributed by Gabriel Wells. With each fragment is bound a bibliographical essay by A. Edward Newton (in English), with imprint: New York: Gabriel Wells, 1921.
Title
Leaf from a Suppressed Luther Bible
Creator
Wolrab, Nicolaum
Summary
In a Bible printed later in this same year, Luther's Warnung wieder den Geiz, occurs for the first time, complaining of incorrect pirated edition of his text. This Leipzig edition, published without Luther's sanction, and afterward suppressed at his wish on account of its errors, probably was printed secretly because of the ban placed on Reformation literature by Duke George of Saxony. At this time Luther was the "best seller" of the century, and his writing in High German soon made that language the national one.
Title
Leaf from a Suppressed Luther Bible
Creator
Wolrab, Nicolaum
Summary
In a Bible printed later in this same year, Luther's Warnung wieder den Geiz, occurs for the first time, complaining of incorrect pirated edition of his text. This Leipzig edition, published without Luther's sanction, and afterward suppressed at his wish on account of its errors, probably was printed secretly because of the ban placed on Reformation literature by Duke George of Saxony. At this time Luther was the "best seller" of the century, and his writing in High German soon made that language the national one.
Title
Leaf from a Stephanus Latin Bible
Creator
Stephanus, Roberto , 1503-1559
Summary
Third octavo edition of the Latin Bible issued by the famous family of scholar printers, the Stephani or Estiennes. This issue, the work of the most eminent scholar of his day, Roberto Stephanus, is generally considered to be the earliest Bible to divide the test into numbered verses. Because his writings and publications were frequently censored and prohibited by the Theological Faculty of Paris, Robert Stephanus, shortly after the death of his royal patron, Francis I, moved his press to Geneva, where the Bible was printed.
Title
Leaf from a Thomson's Bible
Creator
Aitken, Jane, 1764-1832
Summary
The first translation of the Septuagint into English by Charles Thomson, who was the first Secretary of Congress, and who retired from that position to continue his Biblical studies (1789). The importance of this version, the result of twenty years' labor with little or no assistance of reference material or scholars, has frequently been recognized. It was freely consulted by the revision committee of 1881.
Title
Leaf from the Nonesuch Bible
Summary
King James Version. Typography by Francis Meynell; printing by the Oxford University Press. The publications of the Nonesuch Press are noted for presenting significant texts in a beautiful format, for book collectors who "also use books for reading."
Title
Leaf from an Italian Incunabula Bible
Summary
First edition of the Latin Bible in which catch words were used. This version Contains N. de Lyra's celebrated commentary, Postillae litter et morales. The interlinear notes are in small type, which is seldom found. Most incunabula Italian Bibles were printed in roman rather than gothic type.
Title
Leaf from a Matthew Bible
Creator
Daye, John, 1522-1584
Summary
The Second version of the English Bible, edited by John Rogers, who wrote under the pseudonym of Thomas Matthew, either in fear of his life or to conceal the fact that a considerable part of this Bible was from the condemned translation of Tyndale. This edition is also known as the "Becke Bible," on account of the dedication by Edmund Becke; the "Indecent Bible," because of many objectionable notes; and the "Wife Beating Bible," from a note "to beate the fear of God into her heade."
Title
Leaf from an Miniature Manuscript Bible
Summary
The Latin Vulgate version, usually attributed to St. Jerome, is here executed in angular Gothic script, eleven lines to the inch, on finest vellum. These small portable Bibles were produced in great numbers by the Dominicans (1250-1275) in the early days of the Sorbonne. It has been calculated that in the year 1250, it would have taken the earnings of a day laborer for fifteen years to purchase a manuscript Bible of this type.
Title
Leaf from an Paris Manuscript Bible
Summary
Latin Vulgate version written in Gothic script, seven lines to the inch, on fine vellum. The calligraphy and ornamentation on the page deserve close inspection. This form of writing is in marked contrast to the minute, much abbreviated and angular text of the preceding century.
Title
Leaf from a Plantin Loubain Bible
Creator
Plantini, Christophori, 1520-1589
Summary
The Louvain Bible, edited by Johannes Hentenius, -practically a reprint of R. Stephanus' Bible of 1538-40- was published by Christopher Plantin with the Summa Priviegii of King Philip of Spain. At the time this Bible was being printed, Plantin was issuing not only Bibles, but also popular literature in ten languages: Latin, Greek, Hebrew, French, German, Spanish, Italian, Flemish, Dutch and English. The polyglot staff of editors and compositors were forbidden, by posted notices, to discuss religious questions; probably because Plantin had been accused several times of being a heretic. Later, however, Plantin was appointed censor of the press. Founded in 1555, this famous press was suspended in 1867, whereupon the city of Antwerp converted it into a museum.
Title
Leaf from a Great Bible
Creator
Whitchurche, Edwarde, 1539-1561
Summary
A revision by Coverdale of Matthew's Bible under the patronage of Thomas Cromwell; hence sometimes known as "Cromwell's Bible." The first editions were large folios. In 1538 an order was given to the clergy that "one boke of the whole Bible, in the largest volumes, in Englyshe, sett up in summe convenient place within the churche that ye have cure of, whereat your parishioners may most commodiously resort to the same and rede yt."
Title
Leaf from a Stephanus Greek New Testament
Creator
Stephani, Roberti
Summary
Printed by the son of the great printer and eminent scholar, Robert the elder, who text was followed. The type was cut by Claude Garamond, the most distinguished of French designers. This type, containing all the known ligatures, is called Character typi regij grecs du roi or royal type, as it was made at the expense of Francis I. In those days the appearance of the printed page attracted the scholars and Garamond says that is it the type cutter who "feathers the nest of publishers and brings honey to their hive."
Title
Leaf from a Bible of the Low Countries
Creator
Jacobi Myt, Calcografia
Summary
A typical black letter (lettre de forme) Bible of Low Countries, printed in Leiden. It is contemporaneous with the earliest edition of Tyndale's and Coverdale's Testaments and Bibles, many of which were printed in nearby Antwerp (1525-1535), and which also reflects, as did most of the English Reformation Bibles of the sixteenth century, this form of typographical design.
Title
Leaf from an Koberger Latin Bible
Creator
Koburger, A.
Summary
A Vulgate text with the famous commentary by the brilliant Franciscan theologian Nicolas de Lyra (1270-1340), which "may be said to mark the first beginnings of a school of natural exegesis." Luther, as well as many other reformers and humanists, was influences considerably by these notes. Koberger, the most prolific of the great fifteenth century publishers, issued fifteen Latin Bibles from 1475 to 1500. The initials are rubricated by hand
Title
Leaf from Giustiniani's Hebrew-Latin Bible
Summary
Hebrew test edited by Cornelius Adelkind, one of the few available Hebrew scholars and correctors of the press in Italy at this time. The Latin text, edited by Sebastian M'nster, exercised considerable influence on versions written by contemporary reformers in England and Switzerland. Next to Bomberg's, Giustiniani's Hebrew books were the finest printed in the sixteenth century.
Title
Leaf from an Armenian Manuscript Bible
Creator
Mesrop
Summary
Fifth century translation by Mesrop written in the Haikian alphabet of thirty-eight characters (Iron writing) on early paper of the Near East. The Monophysitic doctrine and many other 'heresies' in the Armenian translation were a source of continual controversy with the Greek and Roman churches.
Title
Leaf from an Aldine Greek Bible
Creator
Soceri, Aldi Andrea
Summary
First complete Bible printed in Greek. Edited by Andreas Asolanus, father-in-law of Aldus. The text is based largely upon the Complutensian Polyglot for the Old Testament, and upon Erasmus' first edition of the New Testament in Greek. The type is used by Aldus, it is said, imitated the Greek writing of his friend, the great scholar Musurus, and contained an immense number of ligatures and contractions. From a duplicate copy sold by the British Museum in 1834
Title
Leaf from the Rogers Oxford Lectern Bible,
Summary
King James Version printing in a special cutting of 'Centaur' type by Bruce Rogers, who also established the format, typographical layout, and for six years supervised the printing at the University Press. A unique copy of this Bible, printed on special paper was presented by Mr. Rogers to Library of Congress. The edition was limited to two hundred copies. It is a Bible in the 'Great Tradition,' and equals if it does not excel, any other Bible produced since the invention of printing, in beauty, dignity, and legibility. This is the supreme achievement of the greatest contemporary typographer.
Title
Leaf from the Polychrome Bible
Creator
Furness, Horace Howard, 1833-1912
Summary
A new translation from the Hebrew into English under the direction of great Shakespearean scholar, Horace Howard Furness. Original sources used by the translator are indicated by the background of different colors. Eight tints or color were used in Joshua alone: dark red, let red, dark blue, light blue, purple green, brown ad orange. The cost of editing and color printing was so great, that only a few books of the Bible were issued and the undertaking was then discontinued.
Title
Leaf from the Pearl Bible
Creator
Field, John
Summary
This edition, commonly called Pearl Bible, no doubt on account of its being the first English Bible to use the diminutive size type generally known by that name. Many omissions and printer's errors occur: 1 Corinthians vi. 9: "Know ye not that the unrighteous shall inherit the kingdom of God?" It is also said that Field received 1500 from the independents to corrupt a text in Acts vi. 3 (by printing a 'ye' instead of 'we') to sanction the right of the people to appoint their pastors.
Title
Leaf from a Miniature Bible
Summary
A miniature facsimile of the Robert Burns family Bible. The printing of small Bibles, generally know as Bijou, Diamond, or Thumb Bible interested many printers from the early seventeenth century to the present day. Photo-engraving now makes any scale possible, but there still remain technical difficulties in inking, printing, and binding these miniature Bibles.
Title
Leaf from the King James Bible
Creator
Barker, Robert, 1570-1645
Summary
This Bible, known as the "Authorized Version," has been given the tribute of being "the noblest book in the English language." It represents the work of fifty committee members, and was seen through the press by Miles Smith and Thomas Bilson. This version soon displaced all others, and for over three hundred was without a rival. The name "She" Bible is applied to the second issue, from which this leaf is taken, because of the reading in Ruth iii. 15, "she went into the city."
Title
Leaf from a Geneban of "Breeches Bible"
Creator
Barker, Christopher, 1529-1599
Summary
Edited by religious refugees in the holy city of Alps, Geneva, during the reign of 'Bloody Mary', under the direction of William Whittingham, assisted by Coverdale and Calvin. Its terse style and pithy notes made it the English household Bible for nearly a century. It was also the Bible of the Puritans. One hundred and sixty editions were issued- sixty during the reign of Queen Elizabeth; and although dedicated to her, it was never sanctioned by the state or the church. The use of the term "breeches" in Gen. iii. (where the Authorized Version has 'aprons'), gives this version its name.
Title
Leaf from a Fulke's New Testament
Creator
Barker, Robert, 1570-1645
Summary
The second edition of this work. The Bishops' Version (printed in italics) and the Reims version (in roman type) appear in parallel columns. The first comprehensive attempt to refute the arguments and accusations contained in the Testament prepared by English Romanist refugees of Queen Elizabeth's reign at Reims. The heated confutations of Fulke only served to call attention to the Reims version, and caused it to have a marked influence on the Bible of 1611.
Title
Leaf from an Elzevir States - General Bible
Creator
Elzevir, Johan
Summary
The Standard Bible of the Dutch Reformed Church, compiled by Biblical scholars of the various provinces of the Netherlands. These were appointed in 1619. Fund we furnished by the States-General to start work in 1628, and the first edition appeared in 1637. It is one of the greatest books in Dutch, and has helped to mold a national language. It corresponds in importance to Luther's version in Germany, and the King James Bible in England. Printed by J. Elzevir, a distinguished member of the most important family of Dutch publishers, who, however, seldom printed religious works.
Title
Leaf from the Baskerville Cambridge Bible
Creator
Baskerville, John 1707 - 1775
Summary
The magnum opus of Baskerville, England's greatest type-founder and printer. For the printing of this imperial folio Bible, he moved his press from Birmingham to Cambridge. As he was able to secure only 264 subscribers (at four guineas each) for the edition of 1250 copies, he has to barrow 2000 to complete the work. It is a paradox that Baskerville should have issued, at great financial loss, several editions of the Bible when he unblushingly avowed not only his disbelief of, but his contempt for revealed religion, and that in terms too gross for repetition. His Cambridge Bible is one of the four monumental printed editions-the other three being the Gutenberg 42 Line Bible, the Doves Press Bible, and the Rogers Oxford Lectern Bible.
Title
Leaf from a Baskett Bible
Creator
Baskett, John, 1666-1742
Summary
Baskett and his heirs, with their extension patents were the Bible monopolists for ninety years. Their carelessly printed editions, sometimes with 2000 errors, caused the work to be nicknamed The Basketful of Errors. A royal order in 1724 demanded impriced quality of paper, correctness of text, and a more reasonable price, to be imprinted on the title-page. Results are reflected in this Oxford edition which is almost free from the errors of earlier editions.
Title
Leaf from a Bishops' Bible
Creator
Iugge, Richarde
Summary
First small folio edition of the Bishops' Bible, so called from the fact that eight bishops, under the direction of Archbishop Parker of Canterbury, were among the reviewers. The work of the bishops is of unequal merit, as they all were pioneers and worked independently with little editorial supervision. This version was never very popular, and only nineteen edition seem to have been printed. Some of the marginal notes in the Bishops' Bible are curious. Opposite Psalm xlv. 9, we find: Ophir is thought to be the Ilande in the west coast, of late founded by Christopher Columbo, from whence at this day is brought most fine gold.
Title
Leaf from the Doves Bible
Creator
Sanderson, T. J Cobden, 1840-1922
Summary
The King James Version, edited by Rev. F. H. Scrivener for the syndics of the University Press, Cambridge, England, and printed by Emery Walker and T. J Cobden Sanderson. The work is printed in 'Doves' type, a translation of the famous fifteenth century font of Jenson by Walker. The Doves is frequently referred to as the finest formal book type of all time. The text was set by one compositor and printed on a one-hand press. This monumental Bible is, nevertheless, one of the greatest typographical masterpieces produced.
Title
Leaf from an Eliot Indian Bible
Creator
Eliot, John, 1604-1690
Summary
A leaf from the second edition of Eliot's Bible, revised by the editor, with the assistance of John Cotton. The Indian Bible (first issued in 1663) was the first scripture printed in North American, and also the first version prepared for a pagan people in their own language. John Eliot performed the Herculean task of learning the difficult Algonquin tongue, of translating, unaided, the entire Bible in this unknown and unwritten language, of overcoming many technical difficulties, and of them teaching the Indians to read their own tongue. Samuel Green, the printer, was aided greatly by James Printer, and Indian compositor and corrector of the press. "Wohkukquohsinwog Quoshod tumwaenuog" (The prophets are ended) is a specimen of the difficulties encountered. The language is now extinct.
Title
Leaf from a Germantown Bible
Creator
Sauer, Christoph, 1695-1758
Summary
The second edition of the first Bible issued in a literary tongue in North American, printed by Christopher Sauer, the younger. Luther's version was adopted for the test. The third issue of 3000 (1776) was still unbound when the Battle of Germantown was fought (1777), and nearly the entire edition of this Dunkard publisher was used by the British soldiers for gun wadding. A paper mill, a type foundry, and a bindery were established by the versatile Sauer for his work. Sauer wrote: "The price of our nearly finished Bible in plain binding with a clasp will be eighteen shillings, but to the poor and needy we have price."
Title
Leaf from the Hamburg Polyglot
Summary
This triglot contains the Bible in the following versions: Greek Septuagint, Vulgate Latin, Pagninus' Latin (O. T.), Beza's Latin (N. T.), and Luther's German. They are arranged in four columns and the order is reversed on the verso of the leaf.
Title
Leaf from The Immaculate Bible
Creator
Blair, Sir D. Hunter, 1741-1787
Summary
A special issue of the Bible, consisting of twenty-five copies only. Dibdin's Library Companion calls this "a more beautiful book than the vaunted diamond-letter Bible Richelieu."
Title
Leaf from the London Polyglot Bible (N.T)
Creator
Roycroft, Thomas
Summary
The New Testament of the fourth great polyglot which added for the first time the Persian and Ethiopic, with Latin translations. Altogether nine languages were used in this Bible. No one book, however, is printed in the full number. Dr. Brian Walton, the editor, was later consecrated Bishop of Chester in recognition for this great work. By permission of Oliver Cromwell, and later Charles II, the paper used was imported free of duty.
Title
Leaf from the London Polyglot Bible (O.T)
Creator
Roycroft, Thomas
Summary
The fourth and most accurate of the great polyglots edited by Dr. Brain Walton. One of the first English books to be sold by subscription (10). Nine hundred orders were received during the first two months. This leaf from the Old Testament contains the text in Hebrew; Latin Vulgate; the Greek Septuangint; the Chaldee Parapharse; the Syriac and Arabic versions, each with a Latin translation. The type characters for the nine languages used in this Bible were all of English make. It was the typographical achievement of the century, and for it Charles II made Roycroft the King's Printer of Oriental languages.
Title
Leaf from the Second Printed Spanish Bible
Summary
C. de Reina's translation revised by C. de Valera, a Spanish monk who came under the influence of the Reformation, escaped from persecution in Spain, and took refuge in England, where he devoted the last twenty years of his life to this work, his "evening sacrifice." Nearly two hundred years later (1793) a Spanish Bible was first printed on Spanish soil.
Title
Leaf from the Thomas Greek New Testament
Creator
Thomas, Isaias 1749-1831
Summary
The earliest Greek Testaent printed in American. The Worchester Press also produced some of the early American editions of the English bible. Franklin called it the "Baskerville (Press) of America." This Testament was reprinted by the same printer in Boston (1814).
Title
Leaf from a Baskerville Birmingham Bible
Creator
Baskerville, John 1707 - 1775
Summary
Baskerville, England’s greatest type-founder and printer, had announce his retirement from active printing the year before. He returned to the press, however, and hastily printed this folio Bible to compete with a crudely printed one issued by his most vituperative enemy, Nicholas Boden, and his former senior workman, Robert Martin. This Bible, although far inferior to his Cambridge Bible, was a financial success.
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